TITLE Low threshold calcium current
:
:   Ca++ current responsible for low threshold spikes (LTS)
:   RETICULAR THALAMUS
:   Differential equations
:
:   Model of Huguenard & McCormick, J Neurophysiol 68: 1373-1383, 1992.
:   The kinetics is described by standard equations (NOT GHK)
:   using a m2h format, according to the voltage-clamp data
:   (whole cell patch clamp) of Huguenard & Prince, J Neurosci.
:   12: 3804-3817, 1992.  The model was introduced in Destexhe et al.
:   J. Neurophysiology 72: 803-818, 1994.
:   See http://www.cnl.salk.edu/~alain , http://cns.fmed.ulaval.ca
:
:    - Kinetics adapted to fit the T-channel of reticular neuron
:    - Q10 changed to 5 and 3
:    - Time constant tau_h fitted from experimental data
:    - shift parameter for screening charge
:
:   ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS FROM EXPERIMENTS (NO CORRECTION)
:
:   Reversal potential taken from Nernst Equation
:
:   Written by Alain Destexhe, Salk Institute, Sept 18, 1992
:

INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

NEURON {
	SUFFIX it2
	USEION ca READ cai, cao WRITE ica
	RANGE gcabar, m_inf, tau_m, h_inf, tau_h, shift
}

UNITS {
	(molar) = (1/liter)
	(mV) =	(millivolt)
	(mA) =	(milliamp)
	(mM) =	(millimolar)

	FARADAY = (faraday) (coulomb)
	R = (k-mole) (joule/degC)
}

PARAMETER {
	v		(mV)
	celsius	= 36	(degC)
:	eca	= 120	(mV)
	gcabar	= .00175 (mho/cm2)
	shift	= 2 	(mV)		: screening charge for Ca_o = 2 mM
	cai	= 2.4e-4 (mM)		: adjusted for eca=120 mV
	cao	= 2	(mM)
}

STATE {
	m h
}

ASSIGNED {
	ica	(mA/cm2)
	carev	(mV)
	m_inf
	tau_m	(ms)
	h_inf
	tau_h	(ms)
	phi_m
	phi_h
}

BREAKPOINT {
	SOLVE castate METHOD cnexp
	carev = (1e3) * (R*(celsius+273.15))/(2*FARADAY) * log (cao/cai)
	ica = gcabar * m*m*h * (v-carev)

    :printf("time: %g, ica: %g,  m: %g, h: %g, carev: %g, cao: %g, cai: %g, voltage: %g \n", t, ica, m, h, carev, cao, cai, v)
}

DERIVATIVE castate {
	evaluate_fct(v)

	m' = (m_inf - m) / tau_m
	h' = (h_inf - h) / tau_h
}

UNITSOFF
INITIAL {
:
:   Activation functions and kinetics were obtained from
:   Huguenard & Prince, and were at 23-25 deg.
:   Transformation to 36 deg assuming Q10 of 5 and 3 for m and h
:   (as in Coulter et al., J Physiol 414: 587, 1989)
:
	phi_m = 5.0 ^ ((celsius-24)/10)
	phi_h = 3.0 ^ ((celsius-24)/10)

	evaluate_fct(v)
	m = m_inf
	h = h_inf
}

PROCEDURE evaluate_fct(v(mV)) { 
:
:   Time constants were obtained from J. Huguenard
:

	m_inf = 1.0 / ( 1 + exp(-(v+shift+50)/7.4) )
	h_inf = 1.0 / ( 1 + exp((v+shift+78)/5.0) )

	tau_m = ( 3 + 1.0 / ( exp((v+shift+25)/10) + exp(-(v+shift+100)/15) ) ) / phi_m
	tau_h = ( 85 + 1.0 / ( exp((v+shift+46)/4) + exp(-(v+shift+405)/50) ) ) / phi_h
}
UNITSON
